The National Institutes of Health sponsored a study by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to review the fairness, equity, transparency, and cost-effectiveness in the system of procuring, allocating, and distributing deceased donor organs. A new report entitled “Realizing the Promise of Equity in the Organ Transplantation System” describes the committee's recommendations for organ procurement organizations, the transplantation network, transplant centers, and oversight agencies in the context of a patient’s journey through the transplant system – from disease onset to post-transplant outcomes.